Other mining operations include kaolin, salt, phosphate, and limestone. cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats, food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining, Switzerland 30.4%, India 12.2%, Ukraine 5.1%, China 5.1%, Burkina Faso 4.9%, Senegal 4.3%, France 4%, South Africa 4% (2016), petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles, Senegal 12.2%, China 12.2%, France 10.3%, Benin 8.6%, Cote dIvoire 8.4% (2016), Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -, 67.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est. Overland, Indra; Bazilian, Morgan; Ilimbek Uulu, Talgat; Vakulchuk, Roman; Westphal, Kirsten (2019). other: Les secteurs primaire et tertiaire pour tirer l’économie. Vaste pays semi-aride et enclavé de la ceinture sahélienne, le Mali est une économie à faible revenu, peu diversifiée et exposée aux fluctuations des prix des matières premières. Le coton fait partie des principales cultures commerciales sur lesquelles le Mali a fondé son développement rural et plus généralement son économie. Schweiz und Mali. 1% (2017 est. In 1991, following the lead of the International Development Association, Mali relaxed the enforcement of mining codes which led to greater foreign investment in the mining industry. The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. ), 1% of total installed capacity (2015 est. Gold has become Mali's largest export,[12] after cotton—historically the basis of Mali's export industry—and livestock. 18.1% (2017 est.) ...50 LISTE DES GRAPHIQUES ... La République du Mali, depuis janvier 2012, souffre de trois crises majeures qui sont la crise alimentaire, la crise sécuritaire et la crise politique. Cluster Current requirements US$ Funding US$ Pledges US$ HMLI19-EDU-154085-1: Améliorer l’accès à l’éducation et participer à la restauration d’un environnement favorable à la réouverture des classes et à la protection de l'enfant Gold collected in the towns is sold on—with almost no regulation or oversight—to larger merchant houses in Bamako or Conakry, and eventually to smelters in Europe. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou Toumani TOURE, who was elected to a second term in a 2007 election that was widely judged to be free and fair. Economie d'élevage : un regard sur le cheptel du Mali Mantalla Coulibaly ; préface du docteur Ibrahima Konate s.n., 1993](Bamako, MaliImpr. nuclear: GDP: Liberalization of producer prices and an open cereals market have created incentives to production. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger River; about 65% of Mali’s land area is desert or semidesert. Economy - overview: Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, landlocked Mali depends on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. Pour ce qui est des principaux partenaires commerciaux, le principal pays importateur du Mali est le Sénégal avec 13,1 % en 2008 et le principal pays exportateur est la Chine avec 26,7 % en 2008. revenues: purchasing power parity – $2,200 (2017 est. Pour ce qui est des principaux partenaires commerciaux, le principal pays importateur du Mali est le Sénégal avec 13,1 % en 2008 et le principal pays exportateur est la Chine avec 26,7 % en 2008. © 2020 Moody’s Analytics, Inc. and/or its affiliates and licensors. Example sentences with "Economy of Mali", translation memory . While great incomes are produced, most staff employed in the mining industries are from outside Mali, and residents in the areas of intensive mining complain of little benefit from the industry. Destination Mali, a virtual guide to the region of the former Mali Empire. Économie LA Géographie LE MALI Le Mali, avec une superficie de 1 241 238 km², est le plus vaste État d’Afrique de l’Ouest après le Niger. Gold, largest source of Malian exports,[12] is still mined in the southern region: at the end of the 20th century Mali had the third highest gold production in Africa (after South Africa and Ghana). Mali's economic performance is fragile, characterized by a vulnerability to climatic conditions, fluctuating terms of trade, dependence on ports in neighboring countries. Mali: le ministre de l'économie et un proche du président IBK libérés #mali En savoir plus >>> https://tinyurl.com/y6tuduu6 La mauvaise campagne agricole en 2011 a provoqué une crise alimentaire. Mining has long been an important aspect of the Malian economy. L’inter collectivité de Koutiala gère les infrastructures de sorte à pouvoir augmenter les revenus des producteurs et améliorer la sécurité alimentaire au profit de plus de 600’000 habitants. Pastoralists and nomads move seasonally to southern Mali or nearby coastal states. Worlds of Debts. Lire la suite. 25 nov 2020 . [10], Current GDP per capita of Mali registered a peak growth of 295% in the 1970s. Join to Connect. Sorghum is planted extensively in the drier parts of the country and along the banks of the Niger in eastern Mali, as well as in the lake beds in the Niger delta region. 6:17 VORSCHAU Badiala Male (feat. ), 0% of total installed capacity (2015 est. 40.5% (2017 est. Report this profile; Education. Mali’s economic freedom score is 55.9, making its economy the 126th freest in the 2020 Index. 31% 3.075 billion (2017 est.) Et puis, comment relever l'économie africaine ébranlée dans tous ses compartiments par la Covid-19 ? highest 10%: Le ministre de la Communication et de l’Économie numérique, Dr Hamadoun Touré a rencontré, hier dans les locaux de son département, les membres de l’Association des sociétés informatiques du Mali (ASIM). Les acteurs maliens et leurs partenaires doivent restaurer l’ordre constitutionnel, sans se contenter de rétablir le système et de remettre en place les personnalités renversées, qui ont largement contribué à générer la crise. En milieu urbain, cette proportion est de 49, 7%. 2.982 billion kWh (2016 est. The post-coup chaos led to rebels expelling the Malian military from the country's three northern regions and allowed Islamic militants to set up strongholds. Mali is among the ten poorest nations of the world, is one of the 37 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries, and is a major recipient of foreign aid from many sources, including multilateral organizations (most significantly the World Bank, African Development Bank, and Arab Funds), and bilateral programs funded by the European Union, France, United States, Canada, Netherlands, and Germany. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. The mining industry in Mali has recently attracted renewed interest and investment from foreign companies. « A la fin des travaux, le projet permettra notamment une augmentation du volume des échanges commerciaux passant par les frontières terrestres entre la Côte d’Ivoire et le Mali de 59 200 tonnes à 392 400 tonnes, soit un taux de croissance de 34% », conclut le rapport de la Banque africaine de développement. Corruption and political turmoil are strong downside risks in 2018 and beyond. [17] Large private investments in gold mining include Anglogold-Ashanti ($250 million) in Sadiola and Yatela, and Randgold Resources ($140 million) in Morila – both multinational South African companies located respectively in the north-western and southern parts of the country. université d'économie et gestion de Bko Bac ABF. Le se… Le sous-secteur coton a été pendant plusieurs décennies le principal pourvoyeur de l'économie malienne en devises étrangères. 36.1% (2005 est. To know the economic context of Mali : main economic sectors of Mali, growth forecast, unemployment rate, inflation, current reforms…. 3.513 billion (2017 est. Mali is developing its iron ore extraction industry to diversify foreign exchange earnings away from gold, but the pace will depend on global price trends. 4.97% annual rate of change (2015-20 est. The development of the oil industry is important due to the country's dependence on the importation of all petroleum products from neighbouring states. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a military coup that ushered in a period of democratic rule. ), median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2012/13 est. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's first two democratic presidential elections in 1992 and 1997. Ce pur produit touristique, était prisé de partout dans le monde. lowest 10%: [13] These goldfields, the largest of which lie in the Bambouk Mountains in western Mali (Kenieba Cercle), were a major source of wealth and trade as far back as the Ghana Empire. Mali, a vast Sahelian country, has a low-income economy that is undiversified and vulnerable to commodity price fluctuations. La Page YouTube officielle de Maliweb.net - Le premier Portail de débat et d'actualité sur le Mali. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. petroleum, machinery and equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, textiles, Imports – partners: The largest concentrations of cattle are in the areas north of Bamako and Ségou extending into the Niger delta, but herding activity is gradually shifting southward, due to the effects of previous droughts. Mali remains dependent on foreign aid. nouv. From 1 January 2021 the rules for trading with the UK will change.
View Momo Le Marshall’s profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Populations complain of displacement for the construction of mines: at Sadiola Gold Mine, 43 villages have lost some land to the mine there, while in Fourou, near the large Syama goldmines, 121 villages saw some displacement.[18]. "Orpaillage Artisanal et Cotoniculture: Économie Oecuménique et Éthique Sociale dans le Basidibé (Mali)". Uppsala, Sweden: Nordic African Institute. Significant outmigration only marginally tempers this growth. Les 37 collectivités de Koutiala promeuvent l’économie locale au sud du Mali. To know the level of economic freedom in Mali. Economie informelle et la violation des droits humains syndicaux des travailleurs au Mali. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest; cotton and gold exports make up around 80% of export earnings. 10K likes. industry: [22] Ecological factors, especially pollution of water by mine tailings, is a major source of concern. Average rainfall varies in this region from 500 mm (20 in) per year around Mopti to 1,400 mm (55 in) in the south near Sikasso. inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 50,311 (Tuareg rebellion since 2012) (2018), Mali is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; internal trafficking is more prevalent than transnational trafficking, but foreign women and girls are forced into domestic servitude, agricultural labor, and support roles in gold mines, as well as subjected to sex trafficking; Malian boys are forced to work in agricultural settings, gold mines, the informal commercial sector and to beg within Mali and neighboring countries; Malians and other Africans who travel through Mali to Mauritania, Algeria, or Libya in hopes of reaching Europe are particularly at risk of becoming victims of human trafficking; men and boys, primarily of Songhai ethnicity, are subjected to debt bondage in the salt mines of Taoudenni in northern Mali; some members of Mali's Tamachek community are subjected to hereditary slavery-related practices; Malian women and girls are victims of sex trafficking in Gabon, Libya, Lebanon, and Tunisia; the recruitment of child soldiers by armed groups in northern Mali decreased, Tier 2 Watch List - Mali does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; in 2014, Mali was granted a waiver from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 because its government has a written plan that, if implemented would constitute making significant efforts to bring itself into compliance with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; officials failed to distribute the 2012 anti-trafficking law to judicial and law enforcement personnel, perpetuating a lack of understanding and awareness of the legislation; anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts decreased in 2014, with only one case investigated and no prosecutions or convictions; fewer victims were identified, and the government did not support the privately funded NGOs and international organizations it relied upon to provide victims with services; the government did not conduct any awareness-raising campaigns, workshops, or training sessions (2015), Non-residential - Commercial & Retail - Vacancy, Nominal Fixed Investment (gross fixed capital formation), Real Fixed Investment (gross fixed capital formation). A cela s’ajoute le niveau d’insécurité inquiétant qui … Le samedi 07 novembre 2020 le ministre de la Communication et de l’Économie numérique, Dr Hamadoun Touré a reçu dans son département les membres de l’association des sociétés informatiques du Mali (ASIM). ), 3.03% (male 270,856/female 270,242) (2017 est.). Slowing Mali’s population growth by lowering its birth rate will be essential for poverty reduction, improving food security, and developing human capital and the economy. Between early 2012 and 2013, renewed fighting in northern Mali between government forces and Tuareg secessionists and their Islamist allies, a French-led international military intervention, as well as chronic food shortages, caused the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Malians. OECD Publishing. All rights reserved. Économie du Mali. 61 % der Erwachsenen, bzw. Info; Tracks; English; Die OMNIVERSAL EARKESTRA Bigband aus Berlin macht sich auf den Weg nach Mali um die legendären Musiker aus dem Mali der Siebziger Jahre und ihre Musik live zu erleben. Catégorie : Jeune Afrique économie Publication : 16 septembre 2020 L'économiste et ancien banquier compte sur une levée prochaine des sanctions mises en place par la Cedeao et appelle à engager des réformes de fond pour sortir le pays de la crise. For all solutions offered by
In addition, the continued exploitation of unregulated small scale mining, often by child laborers, supplies a large international gold market in Bamako which feeds into international production. ), 31.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est. Mali’s economy suffers from high levels of poverty and unemployment, and a lack of basic infrastructure. Regulating Mining in Africa: For Whose Benefit?. $4.192 billion (31 December 2017 est. "The GeGaLo index: Geopolitical gains and losses after energy transition". note: Most of those displaced domestically sought shelter in urban areas of southern Mali, except for pastoralist and nomadic groups, who abandoned their traditional routes, gave away or sold their livestock, and dispersed into the deserts of northern Mali or crossed into neighboring countries. Mali still relies heavily on the financing from institutions such as the IMD, the World Bank, and the African Development Bank, as well as bilateral donors. 2020 Hörprobe TITEL LÄNGE Fitriwale (feat. The overall size of Mali's herds is not expected to reach pre-drought levels in the north of the country, where encroachment of the desert has forced many nomadic herders to abandon pastoral activities and turn instead to farming. Sheep, goats, and camels are raised to the exclusion of cattle in the dry areas north and east of Timbuktu. Among the 25 poorest countries in the world, landlocked Mali depends on gold mining and agricultural exports for revenue. Hundreds of thousands of northern Malians fled the violence to southern Mali and neighboring countries, exacerbating regional food shortages in host communities. 41.8% (2017 est.) La situation sociale au Mali demeure précaire, marquée notamment par la persistance d'un niveau de chômage élevé et d’une incidence de la pauvreté importante. Salif Keita) 2. Mali’s economy primarily depends on agricultural productivity for budget revenues. Réunissant les responsables syndicaux des différentes régions du Mali, cet atelier a permis un riche échange sur les défis que représente la formalisation de l’économie informelle, une évaluation de ce que les syndicats ont déjà entrepris dans ce domaine et sur ce qu’il reste à faire. université d'économie et gestion de Bko. Mali’s total population is expected to double by 2035; its capital Bamako is one of the fastest-growing cities in Africa. Trade Source: United Nations Comtrade Note: Top 3 trade partners are calculated by imports + exports. Many Malians from rural areas migrate during the dry period to nearby villages and towns to do odd jobs or to adjoining countries to work in agriculture or mining. Mali's great potential wealth lies in mining and the production of agricultural commodities, livestock, and fish. Due to drought and diversion of river water for agriculture, fish production has steadily declined since the early 1980s. The emergence of gold as Mali's leading export product since 1999 has helped mitigate some of the negative impact of the cotton and Ivory Coast crises. Le Ministre de l'Economie de l'Industrie, Mali. En fait, on retrouve le même genre de croissance économique peu. The emergence of gold as Mali's leading export product since 1999 has helped mitigate some of the negative impacts caused by fluctuations in world cotton markets and loss of trade from the Ivorian Civil War to the south. Le Ministre de l'Economie de l'Industrie, Mali is listed on our site as an industry related organisation. Please subscribe to our Open Quotes service for this and other benefits.. Division Description Despite decreases, Mali’s infant, child, and maternal mortality rates remain among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa because of limited access to and adoption of family planning, early childbearing, short birth intervals, the prevalence of female genital cutting, infrequent use of skilled birth attendants, and a lack of emergency obstetrical and neonatal care. Tableau N°12: Matrice des risques directement qui menacent la relance de l‱économie et à la crise. agriculture and fishing: 80% (2005 est.) Project code Description Appealing org. ), Electricity – production by source: ), 8 regions (regions, singular - region), 1 district*; District de Bamako*, Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou (Timbuktu); note - two new regions, Menaka and Taoudenni, were reportedly created in early 2016, but these have not yet been vetted by the US Board on Geographic Names, civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Constitutional Court, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO], Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity, and Justice or ADEMA-PASJ [Tiemoko SANGARE], Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP-Maliba (coalition includes ADEMA and URD)[Amadou THIAM], Alliance for the Solidarity of Mali-Convergence of Patriotic Forces or ASMA-CFP [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA], Alternative Forces for Renewal and Emergence or FARE [Modibo SIDIBE], Convergence for the Development of Mali or CODEM [Housseyni Amion GUINDO], Economic and Social Development Party or PDES [Jamille BITTAR], Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (coalition of smaller opposition parties), National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL], Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME], Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel Kokalla MAIGA], Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Younoussi TOURE], Malian Company for Textile Development or CMDT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red, Great Mosque of Djenne; national colors: green, yellow, red. The Malian Government and northern armed groups signed an internationally-mediated peace accord in June 2015. Using water diverted from the Niger, the Office du Niger irrigates about 600 km2 (230 sq mi) of land for rice and sugarcane production. ), 587 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est. Le samedi 07 novembre 2020 le ministre de la Communication et de l’Économie numérique, Dr Hamadoun Touré a reçu dans son département les membres de l’association des sociétés informatiques du Mali (ASIM). Mali is a major recipient of foreign aid from many sources, including multilateral organizations (most significantly the World Bank, African Development Bank, and Arab Funds), and bilateral programs funded by the European Union, France, United States, Canada, Netherlands, and Germany. 3. Click to access: Click to download PDF - 11.50MB PDF; Click to Read online and share READ; You have access to all formats CITE THIS PUBLICATION Cite this content … The country will be among potential winners after the global transition to renewable energy is finished; it is ranked no. Mali residents are mostly French speaking. 2.4% (2001 est.) Low- and mid-level soldiers, frustrated with the poor handling of the rebellion, overthrew TOURE on 22 March. Effective implementation of macroeconomic stabilization and economic liberalization policies and the stable political situation resulted in good economic performance and enabled Mali to strengthen the foundations for a market-oriented economy and encourage private sector development, backed up by significant progress in implementing the country's privatization program. Both resources were vital components of the Trans-Saharan trade, stretching back to the time of the Roman Empire. 30.2% (2001 est. Before 1991, the former Soviet Union had been a major source of economic and military aid, including construction of a cement plant and the Kalana gold mine. Actualités et informations du ministère de l'Économie et des Finances du Mali. En 2017, la contribution du secteur primaire représentait 38,34% du PIB avec une large part pour l’agriculture (19,% du PIB). Campbell, Bonnie (2004). ), Inflation rate (consumer prices): Le Mali dans l'économie mondiale. Après avoir augmenté entre 2011 en 2013 du fait de la crise sécuritaire, le taux dextrême pauvreté a baissé sensibl… Website of the Directorate for Public Governance at the OECD, a source of policy solutions, data, expertise and good practice., Trust in government is declining in many OECD countries. 6.3% (2017 est. Following independence, Mali built some light industries with the help of various donors. Ivory Coast is where most of the country's trade goes through and the crisis previously experienced here had a negative effect on Mali's economy. Le 18 août 2020 au Mali, un coup d’Etat militaire intervient après deux mois de manifestations contre le président Keïta. The Niger River is also an important source of fish, providing food for riverside communities; the surplus—smoked, salted, and dried—is exported. About 10% of the population is nomadic and about 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. ), Population below poverty line: L’Allemagne est la quatrième économie de la planète ; elle est très innovante et fortement orientée à l’exportation. Sa forte croissance démographique (avec un taux de fertilité de 6 enfants par femme en 2017) et le changement climatique représentent des risques importants pour lagriculture et la sécurité alimentaire du pays. add example. Mit einer Förderung durch den TURN-Kulturfonds ging OMNIVERSAL EARKESTRA auf Tour quer durch Mali, wo sie legendäre Musiker wie Cheick Tidiane … 11 out of 156 nations in the index of geopolitical gains and losses after energy transition (GeGaLo Index).[16]. Agricultural activities occupy 70% of Mali's labor force and provide 42% of the GDP. Salt mining in the far north, especially in the Saharan oases of Taoudenni and Taghaza have been a crucial part of the Malian economy for at least seven hundred years. Although locally produced rice now provides competition to imported Asian rice, Mali's primary export is cotton. African Economic Outlook. Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances du Mali. ), bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever. The most fertile region in the country is along the banks of the Niger River, where cotton, rice, millet, corn, vegetables and tobacco are cultivated. Dans sa note de conjoncture publiée début juillet, l'UEMOA table sur une croissance du PIB de 0,9% en 2020 au Mali, contre 5,1% en 2019. Le bouclage prolongé et les opérations militaires laisse l'économie régionale de Gaza au bord de l'effondrement. In August 2019 the country and the IMF signed a new 3-year Extended Credit Facility, with a value of USD 192 million (around 1.2% of GDP). 0% ), Electricity – production: ), GDP – composition by sector: Mali has a long history of seasonal migration and emigration driven by poverty, conflict, demographic pressure, unemployment, food insecurity, and droughts. Join your colleagues in participating in this
Le Mali a ratifié tous les accords sur la libre circulation des personnes et des travailleurs au sein de la Communauté économique des États de lAfrique de lOuest (CEDEAO) et de lUnion économique et monétaire ouest-africaine. Listen to Economie et développement episodes free, on demand. En 2019, elle est estimée à … La production aurifère est importante au Mali. The country's fiscal status fluctuates with gold and agricultural commodity prices and the harvest; cotton and gold exports make up around 80% of export earnings. The level was gradually restored, but the herds were again decimated in the 1983–85 drought. Between 1992 and 1995, Mali implemented an economic adjustment program that resulted in economic growth and a reduction in financial imbalances. ), Labor force – by occupation: ), Electricity – consumption: Le sous-secteur coton a été pendant plusieurs décennies le principal pourvoyeur de l'économie malienne en devises étrangères. Since the early 1990s, Mali’s role has grown as a transit country for regional migration flows and illegal migration to Europe. der über 15 Jährigen, sind Analphabeten. GDP in 2002 amounted to US$3.2 billion, made up of agriculture 37.8%, industry 26.4% and services 35.9%. Les secteurs secondaire (industrie) et tertiaire sont peu développés. residency requirement for naturalization: President Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA (since 4 September 2013), Prime Minister Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA (since 31 December 2017), Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 July 2013 with a runoff on 11 August 2013 (election delayed from April 2012 due to a coup in March 2012); prime minister appointed by the president, Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA (RPM) 77.6%, Soumaila CISSE (URD) 22.4%, unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; 13 seats reserved for citizens living abroad; members serve 5-year terms), last held on 24 November and 15 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018); note - the scheduled July 2012 election was canceled due to a coup d'etat and the Tuareg Rebellion, percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPM 66, URD 17, ADEMA 16, FARE 6, CODEM 5, SADI 5, CNID 4, other 24, independent 4, Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 19 members organized into 3 civil chambers and a criminal chamber); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members), Supreme Court members appointed by the Ministry of Justice to serve 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members selected - 3 each by the president, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Council of the Magistracy; members serve single renewable 7-year terms, Court of Appeal; High Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases of high treason or criminal offenses by the president or ministers while in office); magistrate courts; first instance courts; labor dispute courts; special court of state security, Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ibrahima BIRIDOGO (since 29 December 2017), Ambassador Paul A. FOLMSBEE (since 3 June 2015), located off the Roi Bin Fahad Aziz Bridge west of the Bamako central district, uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; the colors from left to right are the same as those of neighboring Senegal (which has an additional green central star) and the reverse of those on the flag of neighboring Guinea, adopted 1962; also known as "Pour L'Afrique et pour toi, Mali" (For Africa and for You, Mali) and "A ton appel Mali" (At Your Call, Mali), domestic system improving; increasing use of local radio loops to extend network coverage to remote areas, fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has increased sharply to over 115 per 100 persons, country code - 223; satellite communications center and fiber-optic links to neighboring countries; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean) (2016).
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