Collection: Mauresque. [22][36], The Alaouites, starting with Moulay Rashid in the mid-17th century, succeeded the Saadians as rulers of Morocco and continue to be the reigning monarchy of the country to this day. Student living quarters were typically distributed on an upper floor around the courtyard. créez votre propre coin de jardin moderne: [1][8], This architectural style blended influences from Berber culture in North Africa, pre-Islamic Iberia (Roman, Byzantine, and Visigothic), and contemporary artistic currents in the Islamic Middle East to elaborate a unique style over centuries with recognizable features such as the "Moorish" arch, riad gardens (courtyard gardens with a symmetrical four-part division), and elaborate geometric and arabesque motifs in wood, stucco, and tilework (notably zellij). [8]:208 The Hafsids also made significant renovations to the much older Great Mosque of Kairouan – renovating its ceiling, reinforcing its walls, and building or rebuilding two of its entrance gates in 1293 – as well as to the Great Mosque of al-Zaytuna in Tunis. [1] The madrasas of Fes, such as the Bou Inania, al-Attarine, and as-Sahrij madrasas, as well as the Marinid madrasa of Salé and the other Bou Inania in Meknes, are considered among the greatest architectural works of this period. [1][2][3][4][5] The term "Moorish" comes from the European designation of the Muslim inhabitants of these regions as "Moors". This photo gallery illustrates just a few. [53] This geographic alignment, however, varied greatly from period to period. It consists of hand-cut pieces of faience in different colours fitted together to form elaborate geometric motifs, often based on radiating star patterns. [9] This period is considered one of the most formative stages of Moorish architecture and especially of Moroccan architecture, establishing many of the forms and motifs that were refined in subsequent centuries. This motif, in turn, had many detailed variations. The Marinids, however, intermittently occupied Tlemcen and parts of western Algeria and left their mark on the city as well, most notably the Mosque of Sidi Bu Madyan (1339). The mosque was subsequently expanded by Abd ar-Rahman II in 836, who preserved the original design while extending its dimensions. 4 mai 2016 - Découvrez le tableau "Architecture mauresque" de ABelle Architecte sur Pinterest. Drumelia Real Estate Recommended for you. The latter finally conquered Marrakesh in 1269. The Almoravids adopted the architectural developments of al-Andalus, such as the complex interlacing arches of the Great Mosque in Cordoba and of the Aljaferia palace in Zaragoza, while also introducing new ornamental techniques from the east such as muqarnas ("stalactite" or "honeycomb" carvings). In addition to the Saadian Tombs, they also built several major mosques in Marrakesh including the Mouassine Mosque and the Bab Doukkala Mosque, which are notable for being part of larger multi-purpose charitable complexes including several other structures like public fountains, hammams, madrasas, and libraries. The city of Cordoba became its capital. [8] Other foundations from the Hafsid period in Tunis include the Haliq Mosque (13th century) and the al-Hawa Mosque (1375). [1]:234, Polylobed (or multifoil) arches, have their earliest precedents in Fatimid architecture in Ifriqiya and Egypt and had also appeared in Andalusi Taifa architecture such as the Aljaferia palace and the Alcazaba of Malaga, which elaborated on the existing examples of al-Hakam II's extension to the Great Mosque of Cordoba. [6][7] Some scholars also use the term "Western Islamic architecture" or "architecture of the Islamic west" for this subject. InStock. [25] The Nasrids also built other structures throughout the city – such as the Madrasa and the Corral del Carbón – and left their mark on other structures and fortifications throughout their territory, though not many significant structures have survived intact to the present-day. Many of these existed within the wider category of Islamic mysticism known as Sufism. [8] Other smaller but notable examples in Cordoba include the Chapel of San Bartolomé[28] and the Royal Chapel (Capilla Real) in the Great Mosque (which was converted to a cathedral in 1236). Synagogues had a very different layout from mosques but in North Africa and Al-Andalus they often shared similar decorative trends as the traditional Islamic architecture around them, such as colourful tilework and carved stucco,[56][57] though later synagogues in North Africa were built in other styles too. [1][7][5][8], The Islamization of Morocco, the westernmost territory of the Muslim world, only became more definitive with the advent of the Idrisid dynasty at the end of the 8th century. This marked a shift from the previous patterns of architectural patronage and may have been influenced by the tradition of building such complexes in Mamluk architecture in Egypt and the külliyes of Ottoman architecture. Unlike the architecture further west, Hafsid architecture was built primarily in stone (rather than brick or mudbrick) and appears to have featured much less decoration. Kubisch, Natascha (2011). [1][2] In addition to zellij tiles, geometric motifs were also predominant in the decoration and composition of wooden ceilings. [1] The Almohads also made Tunis the regional capital of their territories in Ifriqiya (present-day Tunisia), establishing the city's kasbah (citadel). Other polygon motifs are also found, often in combination with arabesques. In 756 Abd ar-Rahman I established the independent Emirate of Cordoba here and in 785 he also founded the Great Mosque of Cordoba, one of the most important architectural monuments of the western Islamic world. [1][60] Finally, madrasas also played an important role in training the scholars and elites who operated the state bureaucracy. Arabic calligraphy, as in other parts of the Muslim world, was also an art form. [1][42][2], Lambrequin arches in the Mosque of Tinmal (mid-12th century), A lambrequin or "muqarnas" arch with muqarnas decoration in the Madrasa al-Attarine, Fes (1323-1325), A lambrequin/muqarnas arch (top) in the gallery of the Courtyard of the Lions in the Alhambra, Granada (14th century), Lambrequin arches in the Bahia Palace in Marrakesh, Morocco (late 19th century), Arabesques, or floral and vegetal motifs, derive from a long tradition of similar motifs in Syrian, Hellenistic, and Roman architectural ornamentation. [1][4][2], Small muqarnas cupola inside the mihrab of the Mosque of Tinmal (mid-12th century), Muqarnas above a window in the Bou Inania Madrasa of Meknes (14th century), Elaborate muqarnas dome in the Sala de las dos Hermanas in the Alhambra of Granada, Spain (14th century), Closer view of the details at the apex of a muqarnas dome in the Sala de los Reyes in the Alhambra, Extreme close-up of carved and painted details in constituent niches of a muqarnas dome in the Sala de los Reyes in the Alhambra, Rectangular muqarnas vault carved in cedar wood at the Bou Inania Madrasa in Fes, Morocco (mid-14th century), Muqarnas carved in wood in the Dar al-Makhzen of Tangier (17th century or later), Tilework, particularly in the form of mosaic tilework called zellij (also called azulejos in Spain and Portugal), is a standard decorative element along lower walls and for the paving of floors across the region. Moorish architecture, is an architectural style which historically developed in the western Islamic world, which included al-Andalus (Muslim-ruled Spain and Portugal between 711 and 1492), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya (part of the Maghreb). [2] Next to the mihrab there was usually a symbolic pulpit known as a minbar, usually in the form of a staircase leading to a small kiosk or platform, where the imam would stand to deliver the khutba. (This was historically done by the muezzin climbing to the top and projecting his voice over the rooftops, but nowadays the call is issued over modern megaphones installed on the tower.) L’architecture est plutôt moderne avec une touche de style mauresque. Notable examples of historic synagogues in Spain include the Synagogue of Santa Maria la Blanca in Toledo (rebuilt in its current form in 1250),[30] the Synagogue of Cordoba (1315),[31] and the Synagogue of El Tránsito in Toledo (1355-1357). "Symmetry groups of Moroccan geometric woodwork patterns". more elaborate arch shapes around it or decorative cupola ceilings at each end of the "T"). This was based on a reported hadith of the Prophet Muhammad which stated that "what is between the east and west is a qibla", as well as on a popular view that mosques should not be aligned towards the Kaaba but rather that they should follow the cardinal orientation of the Kaaba itself (which is a rectangular structure with its own geometric axes), which is in turn aligned according to certain astronomical references (e.g. [2]:137[61]:110 Many of these students were poor, seeking sufficient education to gain a higher position in their home towns, and the madrasas provided them with basic necessities such as lodging and bread. [19][21] The Almohad Kutubiyya and Tinmal mosques are often considered the prototypes of medieval mosque architecture in the region. Madison Park Spa Waffle Shower Curtain Pieced Solid Microfiber Fabric with 3M Scotchgard Water Repellent Treatment Modern Home Bathroom Decorations, Standard … As such, in the westernmost parts of the Islamic world it only came to flourish in the late 13th century, after the Almohads, starting especially under the Marinid and Hafsid dynasty. [52][36][22], Lastly, mosque buildings were distinguished by their minarets: towers from which the muezzin issues the call to prayer to the surrounding city. [1]:163–164[7]:43 Arches were not only used for supporting the weight of the structure above them. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème Architecture mauresque, Architecture, Architecture islamique. The mihrab (niche symbolizing the qibla) of a mosque was almost invariably in the shape of horseshoe arch. The following is a list of important or well-known monuments and sites of historic Moorish architecture. [1][14], In 711 most of the Iberian Peninsula, part of the Visigothic Kingdom at the time, was conquered by a Muslim (largely Berber) army led by Tariq ibn Ziyad and became known as Al-Andalus. The Great Mosque of Algiers (1096–1097), the Great Mosque of Tlemcen (1136), and the Great Mosque of Nedroma (1145) were all founded in the Almoravid period. [67][65][68] In Al-Andalus, by contrast, they fell out of use after the expulsion of Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula and are only preserved as archeological sites or historic monuments.[69].
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