Following this advice, Dewey carefully avoided risks and spoke in platitudes, avoiding controversial issues, and remained vague on what he planned to do as president, with speech after speech being nonpartisan and also filled with optimistic assertions or empty statements of the obvious, including the famous quote: "You know that your future is still ahead of you." Notre avenir est devant nous », « le seul grand thème que Dewey a présenté dans la campagne était l'unité... mais [il] a été surestimé sur un thème qui n'avait aucun attrait viscéral pour l'Américain moyen. On May 10, 1948, the governors of the eleven states of the former Confederacy, along with other high-ranking Southern officials, met in Jackson, Mississippi, to discuss their concerns about the growing civil rights movement within the Democratic Party. Elle opposa le président sortant, Harry S. Truman et Thomas Dewey, candidat du Parti républicain. Effectivement, cet article devait parler à l’origine de water polo, mais le projet a été abandonné au dernier moment suite … Truman, donné perdant en 1948 contre Thomas Dewey, réussit à remporter une victoire assez serrée, malgré la candidature dissidente du démocrate sudiste Strom Thurmond, gouverneur de Caroline du Sud et ségrégationniste. Il était partisan de la ségrégation raciale. Elle opposa le président sortant, Harry S. Truman et Thomas Dewey, candidat du Parti républicain. Working with $150,000 sent by Dewey's powerful New York political organization (three times the previous record spent in an Oregon primary), Lockwood paid "for 126 billboards, hundreds of sixty-second radio spots on every station in the state, and half-hour broadcasts each noon...The daily Portland Oregonian carried five Dewey advertisements a day. In 1946, President Truman had fired Wallace as Secretary of Commerce when Wallace publicly opposed Truman's firm moves to counter the Soviet Union in the Cold War. In the final weeks of the campaign, American movie theaters agreed to play two short newsreel-like campaign films in support of the two major-party candidates: both had been created by its respective campaign organization. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1948 s'est déroulée le mardi 2 novembre 1948.Elle opposa le président sortant, Harry S. Truman et Thomas Dewey, candidat du Parti républicain. National Archives and Records Administration. Henry Wallace, ancien vice-président des États-Unis. It was held on Tuesday, November 2, 1948. Truman's appointment of a liberal civil rights commission convinced Southern conservatives that to re-establish their voice they had to threaten third-party action to defeat Truman in 1948. Even so, Stassen was still leading Dewey in the polls for the upcoming Oregon primary. [43] Tugwell later did disassociate himself from the Progressive Party and did not participate in Wallace's fall campaign. "[77] After 1948, pollsters would constantly test voters through election day. On July 10, however, Eisenhower officially refused to be a candidate. Stassen wanted to know. Among the leaders of this movement were Jacob Arvey, the head of the powerful Cook County (Chicago) Democratic organization; Frank Hague, the boss of New Jersey; James Roosevelt, the eldest son of former President Franklin D. Roosevelt; and liberal Senator Claude Pepper from Florida. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 3 décembre 2020 à 20:37. Il semblait parfois qu'il demandait aux Américains de réaliser l'unité en étant unis derrière lui ». It was the first presidential convention to be shown on "national" television. In several North Carolina cities Wallace was hit by a total of "twenty-seven eggs, thirty-seven tomatoes, six peaches, and two lemons. [42] John Abt served as legal counsel to the convention's permanent chairman, Albert Fitzgerald; he also testified years later that he was a Communist. Conformément à ce conseil, Dewey a soigneusement évité les risques ; il a parlé en platitudes, a évité les questions controversées et est resté vague sur ce qu'il prévoyait de faire en tant que président, les discours se succédant avec des affirmations non politiques et optimistes de l'évidence, y compris la citation désormais tristement célèbre « Vous savez que votre avenir est encore devant vous ». On ne peut pas avoir de liberté sans liberté. Wallace and his supporters believed that the committee was violating the civil liberties of government workers and labor unions. Dewey's handicap was that many Republicans disliked him on a personal level; he often struck observers as cold, stiff, and calculating. Dewey, who was the leader of his party's moderate eastern wing and had been the 1944 Republican presidential nominee, defeated Senator Robert A. Taft and other challengers at the 1948 Republican National Convention. En fait, depuis qu’il s’est imposé dans les primaires démocrates en mars dernier, l’ancien vice-président a toujours fait la course en tête. The Dixiecrats were weakened, however, when most Southern Democratic leaders (such as Governor Herman Talmadge of Georgia and "Boss" E. H. Crump from Tennessee) refused to support the party. The national mood was shifting daily, almost hourly. According to historian William Manchester, "many professional pollsters...believed in what some had come to call Farley's Law. The Southern delegates who remained nominated Senator Richard Russell, Jr. from Georgia for the Democratic nomination as a rebuke to Truman. Nos rivières sont pleines de poissons. Truman also faced a challenge from his party in the form of former Vice President Henry A. Wallace, who launched the Progressive Party and challenged Truman's confrontational Cold War policies. Some analysts, including author Zachary Karabell, have even argued that the separate candidacies of Wallace and Thurmond were beneficial to Truman by removing the separate taints of communism and racism from the Democratic Party. (Adopté à la Neuvième Conférence Internationale Américaine, Bogota, Colombia 1948) ... Elle a de même le devoir de remplir les obligations d'élection populaire qui lui reviennent dans l'Etat dont elle est ressortissante. "[70] For its television coverage, NBC News had constructed a large cardboard model of the White House containing two elephants that would pop out when NBC announced Dewey's victory; since Truman's defeat was considered certain, no donkeys were placed in the White House model. In his book Out of the Jaws of Victory, the journalist Jules Abels wrote: "Personalities were referred to by symbolic titles—Roosevelt was 'The Flaming One', Churchill 'The Roaring Lion', and Cordell Hull 'The Sour One'... some of the letters were signed 'Wallace', others 'Galahad'", the name that Roerich had assigned Wallace in his cult. [67] In 1948 many pollsters, relying on Farley's Law, believed that the election was effectively over after the Republican and Democratic Conventions, and they discounted the impact of Truman's campaigning that fall.[67]. The leading radio commentators, such as H. V. Kaltenborn of NBC, still confidently predicted that once the "late returns" came in Dewey would overcome Truman's lead and win. Truman avait accédé à la présidence en sa qualité de vice-président suite à la mort de Franklin Delano Roosevelt en 1945. Il critiqua également sa doctrine[1]. Truman avait accédé à la présidence en sa qualité de vice-président suite à … "[62] In several speeches, Truman stated that "GOP" actually stood for "gluttons of privilege", and said that Republicans were "princes of privilege" and "bloodsuckers with offices on Wall Street. [15] The passage of the civil rights platform caused some three dozen Southern delegates, led by South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond, to walk out of the convention. [14] It also received strong support from many of the big-city party bosses, most of whom felt that the civil rights platform would encourage the growing black population in their cities to vote for the Democrats. Cet article recense la liste des élections présidentielles américaines. Despite being an incumbent president, Truman was not placed on the ballot in Alabama. These positions were, however, unacceptable to the conservative Congressional Republican leadership; Truman exploited this rift in the opposing party by calling a special session of Congress on "Turnip Day" (referring to an old piece of Missouri folklore about planting turnips in late July) and daring the Republican Congressional leadership to pass its own platform. "Harry Truman and the Election of 1948: The Coming of Age of Civil Rights in American Politics". Spirits were low; the Republicans had taken control of both houses of the United States Congress and a majority of state governorships during the 1946 mid-term elections, and the public opinion polls showed Truman trailing Republican nominee Dewey, sometimes by double digits. It is thought control...an attempt to beat down ideas with a club. C’est un premier revers pour Donald Trump dans cette élection. Observation des résultats de l'élection présidentielle le soir de l'élection dans la communauté de retraités de The Villages, en Floride. . The party's platform was drafted by Lee Pressman, the convention secretary; he later admitted that he had been a member of the Communist party. As the campaign drew to a close, the polls showed Truman was gaining: though Truman lost all nine of the Gallup Poll's post-convention surveys, Dewey's Gallup lead dropped from 17 points in late September to nine points in mid-October and just five points by the end of the month, just above the poll's margin of error. Comme il était à la traîne dans les sondages, Truman a décidé d'adopter une campagne de réduction des dépenses, sans restrictions. In 1945 he served on the committee that created the United Nations. The rebels hoped to draft Eisenhower as the Democratic presidential candidate. Élection américaine : comment Trump et Biden peuvent encore chacun l’emporter D'un point de vue comptable, c'est Biden qui fait la course en tête. Wallace's 1948 platform opposed the Cold War policies of President Truman, including the Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine. His last column, appearing in the Sunday papers two days before the election, showed Truman gaining sharply – to 44 percent – and the interviews on which it was based had been conducted two weeks earlier. The hope that Truman would reverse course had faded by 1947, when he vetoed the Taft-Hartley Law, which would have helped control union power. Truman avait accédé à la présidence en sa qualité de vice-président suite à la mort de Franklin Delano Roosevelt en 1945. By January 23, 1948, the grassroots movement had successfully entered Eisenhower's name into every state holding a Republican presidential primary, and polls gave him a significant lead against all other contenders. Il fut engagé dans l'armée US pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Les républicains de haut niveau pensaient que tout ce que leur candidat devait faire pour gagner était d'éviter les erreurs majeures. Taft called for abolishing many New Deal welfare programs, which he felt were harmful to business interests, and he was skeptical of American involvement in foreign alliances such as the United Nations. Years later, historian David McCullough cited the expensive but lackluster Dewey film and the far cheaper but more effective Truman film as important factors in determining the preferences of undecided voters. [54], The Southern Democrats who had walked out of the Democratic National Convention to protest the civil rights platform approved by the convention, and supported by Truman, promptly met at Municipal Auditorium in Birmingham, Alabama, on July 17, 1948, and formed yet another political party, which they named the States' Rights Democratic Party. "[40] Philip Murray, the president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), stated in April 1948 that "the Communist Party is directly responsible for the creation of the third party [Progressive Party] in the United States."[40]. [55] In the states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and South Carolina, the party was able to be labeled as the main Democratic Party ticket on the local ballots on election night. Alistair Cooke, the distinguished writer for the Manchester Guardian newspaper in the United Kingdom, published an article on the day of the election entitled "Harry S. Truman: A Study of a Failure. I've been a Democrat all my life. Governor Wright of Mississippi received the vice-presidential nomination. _____ 15 h 17 ... Comme on pouvait s’y attendre, les réseaux sociaux fourmillent de mèmes au sujet du comptage des votes, dans une élection américaine qui … In July 1947, he privately offered to be Eisenhower's running mate on the Democratic ticket if MacArthur won the Republican nomination, an offer which Eisenhower declined. Paris Match | Publié le 05/11/2020 à 16h23 |Mis à jour le 05/11/2020 à 16h57 This page was last edited on 6 December 2020, at 01:07. "[32] His main opponent, Senator Taft, was hobbled by an ineffective campaign team that one writer called "bumblers", and another historian noted that Taft's campaign manager, Ohio Congressman Clarence J. [70] Newsweek polled fifty experts, with all fifty predicting a Dewey win. Après que le président Donald Trump est sorti de l'hôpital lundi 5 octobre, la presse américaine a révélé lundi les dessous de cet épisode qui bouscule la campagne présidentielle américaine. In his speech to the convention, Humphrey memorably stated that "the time has come for the Democratic Party to get out of the shadow of states' rights and walk forthrightly into the bright sunshine of human rights!"[13]. Our rivers are full of fish. [50] As the campaign progressed, however, Wallace's crowds thinned and his standing in the polls dropped. At 4 a.m., Truman awoke again and heard on the radio that his popular-vote lead was now nearly two million votes, and that he was well ahead in the electoral vote. Termes plus précis (39) Présidents -- Élection (1980) -- États-Unis. . [44], Senator Glen H. Taylor from Idaho, an eccentric figure who was known as a "singing cowboy" and who had ridden his horse "Nugget" up the steps of the United States Capitol after winning election to the Senate in 1944, was named as Wallace's running mate. Nos rivières sont pleines de poissons. Devoir de servir la commu­nauté et la nation. "[49] He ate only in unsegregated restaurants, traveled with a black secretary, and in Mississippi had to be escorted by police for protection. Il était difficile de comprendre où Dewey voulait en venir. [22] In 1938, Stassen had been elected governor of Minnesota at the age of 31; he resigned as governor in 1943 to serve in the wartime Navy. Truman avait accédé à la présidence en sa qualité de vice-président suite à la mort de Franklin Delano Roosevelt en 1945. "[67] One poll showing strong Truman support in the rural Midwest was sponsored by the Staley Milling Company, who "polled farmers by giving them a choice of a donkey or an elephant on chicken feed sacks. "[67] After the election, a study by the University of Michigan revealed that "14% of Truman's voters, or 3,374,800, had decided to vote for him in the last fortnight of the campaign. L’ancien vice-président Joe Biden a remporté l’Etat de l’Arizona, pourtant un bastion républicain, selon les projections de l’agence de presse américaine AP. La victoire de Truman semblait si improbable que le Chicago Tribune titra à tort, le soir du 3 novembre, « Dewey Defeats Truman ». Defeating attempts to drop him from the ticket, Truman won the presidential nomination at the 1948 Democratic National Convention. Douglas refused the nomination. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. "Give 'em hell, Harry" was a popular slogan shouted out at stop after stop along the tour. Though it had initially appeared that the Socialist Party would refrain from nominating its own candidate and instead endorse Wallace's run, policy differences and Wallace's refusal to publicly repudiate the support of communists caused them to break with the Progressive Party and nominate their own ticket. The election took place during the beginning stages of the Cold War. L'ANTISECHE - Donald Trump a menacé de saisir la Cour suprême pour trancher l'élection présidentielle américaine. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1948 s'est déroulée le mardi 2 novembre 1948. Truman toured much of the nation with his fiery rhetoric, playing to large, enthusiastic crowds. Cet article recense la liste des élections présidentielles américaines. I can think of nothing duller or more intellectually barren than acting like a sports announcer who feels he must pretend he is witnessing a neck-and-neck race. The Dixiecrats had no chance of winning the election themselves, since they could not get on the ballot in enough states to win the necessary electoral votes. Élection américaine 2020. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1944, la 40 e élection présidentielle des États-Unis, se tient le mardi 7 novembre 1944.Le pays est alors préoccupé par la guerre qui dure depuis 3 ans (lors de la précédente élection en novembre 1940, les États-Unis n'étaient pas encore entrés en guerre). Le collège électoral en 1948 Le président Franklin Delano Roosevelt mourut en 1945. In 1946 he had been re-elected governor of New York by the largest margin in state history. L’Arizona a toujours voté pour le candidat républicain aux présidentielles, hormis en 1948 (Harry Truman) et en 1996 (Bill Clinton). A new Progressive Party (the name had been used earlier by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 and Robert M. La Follette in 1924) was created afresh in 1948, with the nomination of Henry A. Wallace, who had served as Secretary of Agriculture, Vice President of the United States, and Secretary of Commerce under Franklin D. Roosevelt. Wallace was also hurt when Westbrook Pegler, a prominent conservative newspaper columnist, revealed that Wallace as vice president had written coded letters discussing prominent politicians such as Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill to his controversial Russian New Age spiritual guru Nicholas Roerich; the letters were nicknamed the "Guru letters." Mais Trump n'est pas vaincu, loin de là. [28] Four days after the debate, Dewey defeated Stassen in the Oregon primary. Stassen tried to contact General Eisenhower to ask him to reconsider becoming a candidate, but Eisenhower "could not be reached. Plus de 70 millions d’Américains ont déposé leur bulletin de vote pour l’élection présidentielle du 3 novembre prochain, ont rapporté hier des médias. En effet, les propres collaborateurs de Truman considéraient la campagne comme un dernier hourra. After Dewey told Halleck of his decision, Halleck "was first speechless with disbelief and then overcome with emotion." "[27] Dewey ended his turn in the debate by stating that "I am unalterably, wholeheartedly, and unswervingly against any scheme to write laws outlawing people because of their religious, political, social, or economic ideas. Présidents -- Élection (1968) "[63] He told one audience that "The Republicans have begun to nail the American consumer to the wall with spikes of greed. Graphique 7. "[45] After receiving the vice-presidential nomination, Taylor told reporters that there was a difference between "pink" Communists and "red" Communists. L'ANTISECHE - Donald Trump a menacé de saisir la Cour suprême pour trancher l'élection présidentielle américaine. Their strategy was to take enough Southern states from Truman to force the election into the United States House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment, where they could then extract concessions from either Truman or Dewey on racial issues in exchange for their support. It was hard to understand what Dewey was driving at. [56] Outside of these four states, however, it was only listed as a third-party ticket.[56]. [69] The sole exception was Kansas committeeman Harry Darby, who warned Dewey and his managers "that farmers were in a mutinous mood" and recommended that Dewey take a tougher and more aggressive stance. He became convinced that the party was being manipulated by Communists, and was "so heartsick about Communist infiltration of the party that he discussed . [31] His campaign managers - Herbert Brownell, Jr., Edwin Jaeckle, and J. Russell Sprague - were "as skillful a group of operators as ever manipulated a convention...it was said at the convention that the Dewey forces "could have won even with Taft" as their candidate. Élections américaines. [5] Dewey ran a low-risk campaign and largely avoided directly criticizing Truman. Unlike the latter movement within the Democratic Party, however, the Republican draft movement came largely from the grassroots of the party. La seule personne qui semble avoir considéré la campagne de Truman comme gagnable est le président lui-même, qui a prédit la victoire avec confiance à quiconque l'écouterait. "[36] Abels wrote that Dewey's decision to deny Halleck the vice-presidential bid "may have been a fateful one...Halleck with his forceful personality might have changed the tone of the Dewey campaign, and certainly the issue of the record of the GOP-controlled Eightieth Congress would have to have been met heads on. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1948 s'est déroulée le mardi 2 novembre 1948. With simultaneous success in the 1948 congressional elections, the Democrats regained control of both houses of Congress, which they had lost in 1946. On the other hand, Truman's campaign strategist, Clark Clifford, said that Truman's campaign was "pitched to four distinct interest groups - labor, the farmer, the Negro, and the consumer. Conformément à la constitution, Harry S. Truman fut investi comme 33e président des États-Unis. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1948 s'est déroulée le mardi 2 novembre 1948. Truman croyait qu'il remporterait l'élection avec 340 votes électoraux, contre 108 pour Dewey, 42 pour Thurmond et 37 marqués « douteux » (il a accidentellement omis quatre votes électoraux). Strom Thurmond, gouverneur de Caroline du Sud. A key obstacle soon developed, however, as both men refused to unite behind a single candidate to oppose Dewey: "The essence of their impasse was simple. Truman received a record number of Catholic votes, exceeding even the Catholic support of Al Smith in 1928, in part because Wallace drew leftists away from the Democrats.[79]. "[77] Gallup and Roper also did an analysis of the votes, they "learned that one voter in every seven (6,927,000), made up his mind in the last two weeks before the election. The sole issue of the debate concerned whether to outlaw the Communist Party of the United States. . "[68], When Dewey considered adopting a more aggressive stance after noticing that his crowds were dwindling, Herbert Brownell contacted 90 GOP state committeemen and committeewomen in all 48 states. Truman a fait une tournée nationale avec sa rhétorique enflammée, jouant devant des foules nombreuses et enthousiastes. L'élection présidentielle de 2000 reste l'une des plus serrées de l'histoire américaine. "[67] James Farley, President Franklin Roosevelt's successful campaign manager in 1932 and 1936, had stated that, in his opinion, the great majority of voters decided which candidate to support during the political conventions.
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